Al Azhar University (also a mosque) was founded as a Shia school of Theology by the Fatimid Empire in what is now Egypt in 988. It later became a Sunni school, and is considered by most Sunni Muslims to be the most prestigious school. It is the oldest continually operated university in the world.

The modern head of Al-Azhar has declared that the perpetrators of the 9/11 attacks and suicide bombers are "heretics" who are not following the true path of Islam. In a recent conference in Indonesia, he asked all "true believers" to deny speakers of violently heretical Islam (implying Wahhabis) places to speak in the mosque, thus preventing the spread of violent ideologies.

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