The American Mathematics Competition (AMC) is the beginning of a series of competitions that determines the United States Math Team. The United States math team comprises of 5 people and have traditionally done well in the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO). It is the only team to ever achieve a perfect score at the IMO (in 1996), and that team is known as the "dream team".

The AMC is a multiple choice (five choices for each problem) test; it is scored out of 150 points, which qualifies students to take the next round, known as the American Invitational Mathematics Examination (AIME). The AIME is also multiple choice, but each question has 1000 possible answers, namely the integers between 0 and 999 inclusive. The combined scores are used to determine those that will be invited back to take a grueling 6 hour session of proofs known as the United States of America Mathematics Olympiad (USAMO). A handful of students are selected based on the result on the USAMO to be trained at Mathematics Olympiad Summer Program, MOSP (better known as MOP to its participants).

During this summer camp, a series of exams are given to finally pick the 5 member US Mathematics Team. The current coach of the US Math Team is Zuming Feng, from Philips Exeter Academy.