Elaine Riddick Jessie was a 14-year-old girl who, in 1968, was forcibly sterilized by the US government of South Carolina's Eugenics Board which argued that she was "feebleminded" and "promiscuous".

Prior to the sterilization (at age 13), Jessie had been coerced into having sexual intercourse with a man in his 20s (See: statutory rape). Her son, Tony Riddick, states, "The work of the Eugenics Board was not far from the thinking of Hitler."

Jessie was living with her grandmother, Maggie "Miss Peaches" Woodard, when a social worker discovered her pregnancy. The illiterate Woodard signed an X on a consent form, not knowing what it was, only that if she didn't sign, Elaine would be sent to an orphanage. The Perquimans County Department of Public Welfare had earlier custody of Jessie and her 7 siblings (from their alcoholic parents), sending 5 to an orphanage, and Elaine and one of her sisters to live with Woodard.