History of the Peloponnesian War is an account of the battles and conflicts of the Peloponnesian War between the Peloponnesian League (Sparta) and the Delian League (Athens), written by an Athenian general who served in the war, Thucydides.

Thucydides' History begins almost exactly where Herodotus' Histories leaves off. Unlike Herodotus, who openly admitted to recounting popular beliefs in cases when evidence was lacking or insufficient, Thucydides aimed to provide an acurate and detailed account, thoroughly citing his sources whenever he could not provide a first-hand account.

The History is unfinished, ending literally in the middle of a sentence. Thucydides apparently died before he could complete the work, and other sections would likely have been changed and edited had he lived longer.

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