Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp (April 23, 1598-August 10, 1653) was an officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy.

Born in Den Briel, Tromp sailed the seas from the age of 9, and joined the Dutch navy as a lieutenant in 1621. In 1639, as the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain, as an admiral, Tromp defeated a large Spanish invasion fleet bound for Flanders towards the end of the Eighty Years' War.

Tromp was killed in the First Anglo-Dutch War during the Battle of Scheveningen, after having lost earlier battles with the English that same year.

On of Tromp's sons, Cornelis Tromp later also became a Rear Admiral in the Dutch navy.