In Roman mythology, the Matronae (Latin for "important mothers/ladies") were three mothering fertility goddesses of peace, children and serenity. The term comes, by antonomasia, from the noble ladies (called matronae, in fact); for these, in the early centuries of Christianity, a restricted area of churches was reserved named Matroneum (or, sometimes, Matroneus).

In Continental Brythonic mythology, Matronae was an alternate spelling for Matres.