Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index structural formula of Nitrobenzol Nitrobenzol, also known as oil of mirbane, is a poisonous organic compound, C6H5NO2, either bright yellow crystals or an oily insoluble liquid. It has an almond odor. It is used as a solvent and as a mild oxidizing agent. It is most frequently used specifically in the manufacture of aniline, but also used in the manufacture of insulating compounds and polishes. Table of contents 1 Characteristic/Property 2 Uses 3 Production 4 External links Characteristic/Property Characteristic/Property Data Reference CAS No. 98-95-3 Common Synonyms nitrobenzol; oil of mirbane U.S. EPA 1994 Molecular Formula C6H5NO2 Physical State liquid U.S. EPA 1985 Molecular Weight 123.06 U.S. EPA 1985 Melting Point 5.85°C @ 760 Torr U.S. EPA 1985 Boiling Point 210.9°C @ 1 atm U.S. EPA 1985 Water Solubility 1.9 g/L @ 20°C; 2.1 g/L @ 25°C U.S. EPA 1985 Specific Gravity 1.199 @ 24/4°C U.S. EPA 1985 Vapor Density (air = 1) 4.1 U.S. EPA 1985 KOC 36-650 (estimated) U.S. EPA 1987 Log KOW 1.85 U.S. EPA 1987 Vapor Pressure 0.15 mm Hg @ 20°C; 0.27 mm Hg @ 25°C U.S. EPA 1987 Reactivity flammable Flash Point 88°C (closed cup) Budavari 1989 Henry's Law Constant 2.3 x 10-5 atm-m3/mole @ 25°C U.S. EPA 1985 Fish Bioconcentration Factor <10-15 (measured in the golden orfe) U.S. EPA 1985 Odor Threshold perception, 0.0182 mg/m3 (3.6 ppb) Verschueren 1983 threshold, 1.9 ppm U.S. EPA 1985 Conversion Factors (in air) 1 ppm = 5.12 mg/m3; 1 mg/m3 = 0.20 ppm Verschueren 1983 Uses While nitrobenzene is primarily used in the production of aniline and aniline derivatives, such as methyl diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), it also finds use in the manufacture of rubber chemicals, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Nitrobenzene is also used in shoe and floor polishes, leather dressings, paint solvents, and other materials to mask unpleasant odors. Substitution reactions with nitrobenzene are used to form m-derivatives (Mannsville 1991; Sittig 1991). Redistilled, as oil of mirbane, nitrobenzene has been used as an inexpensive perfume for soaps. A significant merchant market for nitrobenzene is its use in the production of the analgesic acetaminophen (Mannsville 1991). Production There were four producers of nitrobenzene in the United States in 1991: First Chemicals Corp, Mobay, DuPont Chemicals, and Rubicon, Inc. In 1991, the estimated total production capacity of nitrobenzene in the U.S. was 1,360 million pounds (Mannsville 1991). External links http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/nitro-sd.txt http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/nitro-sd.pdf This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.