Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index Below is a SAMPA-compliant rendition of the Ubykh consonant inventory listed in the Ubykh language article: Consonants   bilabial alveolar post-alveolar alveo-palatal retroflex velar uvular glottal stops voiceless simple p t       k -- kw q -- qw   pharyng. p?           q? -- q?w   palatalized           kj qj   voiced simple b d       g -- gw     pharyng. b?               palatalized           gj     ejective simple p’ t’       k’ -- kw’ q’ -- qw’   pharyng. p?’           q?’ -- q?w’   palatalized           kj’ qj’   fricatives voiceless simple f s -- sw S C -- Cw S‘ x X -- Xw h pharyng.             X? -- X?w   palatalized             Xj   voiced simple v z -- zw Z j\\ -- j\\w Z‘ G R -- Rw   pharyng.             R? -- R?w   palatalized             Rj   affricates voiceless   ts -- tsw tS tC -- tCw tS‘       voiced   dz -- dzw dZ dj\\ -- dj\\w dZ‘       ejective   ts’ -- ts’w tz’ tC’ -- tC’w tS‘’       sonorants nasal simple m n             pharyng. m?               approximant simple w r   y         pharyng. w?               lateral voiceless   l_0             voiced   l             ejective   l’             Notes "pharyng." denotes a pharyngealized series of consonants, and pharyngealization itself is denoted with ?. When a labialized phoneme exists, it is listed after its unlabialized counterpart in the format "[unlab.] -- [lab.]", and is further indicated by w. Ejectives are indicated with an apostrophe ( ’ ). Palatalization is indicated by j. Technically, the affricates / tC / and / dj\\ / are noted as / c / and / J\\ / in SAMPA, but the former have been used to emphasize their relationship to the other affricates. The velar stops / k /, / g /, and / k' / are only found in Turkish and Circassian loanwords. This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.