Via Campesina describes itself as "an international movement which coordinates peasant organizations of small and middle-scale producers, agricultural workers, rural women, and indigenous communities from Asia, Africa, America, and Europe." They advocate family-farm-based, sustainable agriculture, and were the group that first coined the term "food sovereignty." Probably their best known spokesperson is the French farmer José Bové.

Organized worldwide into eight regions, the group has members throughout the world.