The Alsace-Moselle is the current legal name of the Alsace-Lorraine territory, the part of France that was occupied by Germany from 1871 to 1919 (and then from 1940 to 1944-1945), consisting in the three départements of Alsace (Haut-Rhin, Bas-Rhin) and of the Moselle. While an integral part of France, it has for historical reasons different customs and laws on certain issues.
The most striking of those differences is the absence of separation of Church and State - even though the constitutional right of freedom of religion is guaranteed. Alsace-Moselle is still under the pre-1905 regime established of the Concordat, which provides for the public subsidy of the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, the Calvinist Church and the Jewish Religion as well as public education in those religions (parents may refuse religious education for their children). Priests are paid by the state; the bishops are named by the President on the proposal of the Pope. The public University of Strasbourg has courses in theology.
Those dispositions are shocking in a country where Church and State are strictly separated anywhere else. Controversy erupts periodically on the appropriateness of these and other extraordinary legal dispositions of Alsace-Moselle. Periodically, freethinker groups contend that this public funding of certain religions should stop. Others argue that, nowadays, the second largest denomination in France is Islam and that Islam should thus enjoy comparable status with the four official religions. Despite the controversy, the status quo looks like it will persist.
Other legal differences include:
- a different law on associations;
- personal bankruptcy;
- a different social security system.
