The fiestas patrias are the Mexican national holidays that originated in the 19th century.
In chronological holiday order:
- Día de la Constitución commemorates the Constitution of 1917, promulgated after the Mexican Civil War on February 5.
- Natalicio de Benito Juárez commemorates President Benito Juarez's birthday on March 21, 1804. Juarez is popularily regarded as an exemplary politician due to his liberal policies that, among other things, defined the traditionally strict separation of the church and the Mexican state.
- Día del Trabajo (Labor Day) commemorates the Mexican workers' union movements on May 1. Specifically, the 1906 Cananea, Sonora and the 1907 Río Blanco, Veracruz labor unrest and repression.
- Cinco de mayo commemorates General Ignacio Zaragoza's victory on May 5, 1862, over the French expeditionary forces in the Battle of Puebla.
- Dieciséis de septiembre commemorates Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's Grito de Dolores —"cry of Dolores", "Dolores" also means "sorrow", and it comes from the Virgin of Dolores, the village's patron— on September 16, 1810, at the village of Dolores, near Guanajuato. Hidalgo called for the end of Spanish rule in Mexico. On September 16, 1825, the Republic of Mexico officially declared Dieciséis de septiembre its national Independence Day.
- Día de la Revolución commemorates the Mexican Revolution which started on November 20, 1910 when Francisco I. Madero planned an uprising against dictator Porfirio Díaz's three-decade iron rule.
In Chile, the name fiestas patrias is reserved for the holidays of September 18 (dieciocho de septiembre, or simply el dieciocho), Independence day and September 19 , Glories of the Army.