When an atom, radical, or ion has an equal number of electrons or has the same number of electrons when compared to the atoms of another element, the two species are called isoelectronic.

Examples:

When Na+=[He]2s22p6 it is isoelectronic to Ne=[He]2s22p6 When Cl-=[Ne]3s23p6 it is isoelectronic to Ar=[Ne]3s23p6