Listed are persons whose achievements have been important also outside Denmark.
Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Harald Bohr
- A. K. Erlang, Danish engineer, industrial and systems engineer
- Thomas Fincke, (1561-1656), Danish mathematician
- Jørgen Pedersen Gram
- Piet Hein, (1905-1996)
- Georg Mohr, (1548-1620), Danish mathematician
- Niels Erik Nørlund
- Julius Petersen, (1839-1910), Danish mathematician
- Caspar Wessel, (1745-1818), Norwegian-Danish mathematician
- Peter Naur
- Bjarne Stroustrup, (born 1950), C++
- Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
- Tycho Brahe, (1546-1601), Danish-born astronomer
- Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer
- Peter Andreas Hansen, (1795-1874)
- Ejnar Hertzsprung, (1873-1967), Danish astronomer
- Ole Rømer, (1644-1710), Danish astronomer
- Bengt Strömgren
- Rasmus Bartholin, (1625-1698)
- Aage Bohr, (born 1922)
- Niels Bohr, (1885-1962), Danish physicist
- Hans Christian Ørsted, (1777-1851), Danish physicist
- J. N. Brønsted, (1879-1947)
- Jens C. Skou, Nobel Prize 1997
- S. P. L. Sørensen, (1868-1939), Danish chemist
- Inge Lehmann, (1888-1993)
- Nicolas Steno, (1638-1686), Danish geologist
- Henrik Dam, (1895-1976)
- Hans Christian Gram, (1853-1928)
- Emil Christian Hansen, (1842-1909)
- Wilhelm Johannsen, (1857-1927), (coined the term gene)
- Johannes Schmidt
- Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585-1629)
- Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655-1738)
- Thomas Bartholin
- Niels Ryberg Finsen, (1860-1904)
- Carl Friderichsen
- Nicolas Steno, (1638-1686), Danish geologist
- Jacob B. Winslow, (1669-1760)
- Søren Hjorth (inventor)
- Carl Jacobsen
- J. C. Jacobsen, (1811-1887)
- Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen, (1878-1964)
- Ada Adler, (1878-1946)
- Otto Jespersen, (1860-1943), Danish
- Johan Nicolai Madvig, (1804-1886)
- Axel Olrik, (1864-1917)
- Holger Pedersen, (1867-1953), Danish linguist
- Rasmus Rask
- Vilhelm Thomsen, (1842-1927)
- Karl Verner, (1846-1896), Danish linguist
- Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, (1788-1865), Danish archaeologist
- J. J. A. Worsaae
- Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian
- Arne Jacobsen, (1902-1971), Danish architect
- Bjørn Lomborg
- Steen Eiler Rasmussen, (1898-1990), Danish architect
- Jørn Utzon, (born 1918), Danish architect
- Andreas Aagesen, (1826-1879)
- Harald Høffding, (1843-1931)
- Søren Kierkegaard, (1813-1855), Danish philosopher
- K.E. Løgstrup
- Hans Christian Andersen, (1805-1875), Fairy Tales and Stories
- Jens Immanuel Baggesen, (1764-1826)
- Georg Brandes
- Isak Dinesen, (1885-1962), author
- Tove Ditlevsen, (1918-1976), poet and author
- Piet Hein, (1905-1996)
- Ludvig Holberg, (1684-1754), playwright
- Johannes V. Jensen, (1873-1950), Danish novelist
- Kaj Munk, (1898-1944), Danish dramatist
- Tor Nørretranders, (born 1955), science popularizer
- Adam Oehlenschläger, (1779-1850)
- Jacob Riis, (1849-1914)
- Peter Kjaerulff, Danish novelist
- Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, (1744-1809), Danish painter
- Else Alfelt, (1910-1974), Danish Painter
- Henry Heerup, (1907-1993), Danish painter
- Asger Jorn, (1914-1973), Danish painter
- Bertel Thorvaldsen, (1770-1844), Danish sculptor
- Dietrich Buxtehude, (1637-1707), Danish composer
- Jacob Gade
- Niels W. Gade
- Knud Jeppesen, (1892-1974)
- Carl Nielsen, (1865-1931), Danish composer
- C. E. F. Weyse
- Per Nørgård
- Bent Sørensen
- Bille August, (born 1948), Danish director
- Erik Balling, (born 1924)
- Victor Borge, (1909-2000), Danish comedian
- August Bournonville, (1805-1879)
- Erik Bruhn, (1929-1986), ballet dancer
- Carl Th. Dreyer
- Jean Hersholt, (1886-1956)
- Peter Martins
- Lauritz Melchior, (1890-1973)
- Asta Nielsen
- Aksel Schiøtz, (1906-1975)
- Lars von Trier, (born 1956), director
- Thomas Vinterberg, (born 1969), Danish film director
- Vitus Bering, (1680-1741)
- Hans Egede
- C. Malte-Brun
- Knud Rasmussen
- Absalon, (c. 1128-1201)
- Fredrik Bajer, (1837-1922), pacifist politician
- Pia Kaersgaard
- Peter von Scholten
- Anja Andersen
- Paul Elvstrøm
- Poul Erik Hoyer-Larsen
- Bent Larsen -- chess player
- Brian Laudrup, Danish athlete
- Michael Laudrup, Danish athlete
- Camilla Martin
- Bjarne Riis
- Peter Schmeichel, Danish athlete