A New town or planned community or planned city is a city, town, or community that was designed from scratch, and grew up more or less following the plan. Many of the world's capital cities are planned cities, notably Washington, DC in the United States, Brasilia in Brazil, Canberra in Australia, and New Delhi in India.
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A program of new towns (French villes nouvelles) was developed in the mid-1960s in France. Nine villes nouvelles were created.
The term is used in the United Kingdom, in the main, to refer to the towns developed after World War II under the New Towns Act of 1946. Following the war, a number of towns (eventually numbering 28) were designated as New Towns and were developed to house the large numbers of people who had lost homes during the War. The idea in the UK grew from the earlier attempts at a Garden City in Letchworth and Welwyn in Hertfordshire, England following on the ideas of Ebenezer Howard and Patrick Geddes. In the 1990s an experimental "new town" developed by The Prince of Wales was started at Poundbury in Dorset.
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United States
In the early history of America, planned communities were quite common: Jamestown, Philadelphia, Williamsburg, and Annapolis (as well as Washington, DC) are examples of this trend. Greenbelt, Maryland, which was built in the 1930s, was one of a series of planned communities built during that era. The Levittowns - in Long Island, Pennsylvania and New Jersey - typified the planned communities of the 1950s and early 1960s. The era of the modern New Town began in 1963 with the creation of Reston, Virginia, which was begun just a year before Columbia, Maryland.
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