In North and South Korea, Special cities, Metropolitan Cities, and Directly Governed Cities are cities that have a status equivalent to that of Provinces (Do). Hence, like the provinces, such cities are under the direct administration of the central government. As of 2003, there were three Directly Governed Cities (Chik'alshi; 직할시; 直轄市) and three other special provincial-level administrative regions in North Korea, and one Special City (Teukbyeolsi; 특별시; 特別市) and six Metropolitan Cities (Gwangyeoksi; 광역시; 廣域市) in South Korea. Before 1995, the five largest Gwangyeoksi in South Korea were classified as Chik'alshi (as it was romanized at the time; now spelled Jikhalsi in the Revised Romanization of Korean).
In the following tables, "Split time" means "When the city split from the province it was located in."
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2 South Korea 3 See also |
Transliteration | Han'gŭl | Hanja | Split time | Province split from |
P'yŏngyang Chik'alshi | 평양 직할시 | 平壤 直轄市 | S. Pyŏngan | |
Namp'o Chik'alshi | 남포 직할시 | 南浦 直轄市 | S. Pyŏngan | |
Rajin (Rajin-Sŏnbong) Chik'alshi | 라선 (라진-선봉) 직할시 | 羅津 (羅津-先鋒) 直轄市 | N. Hamgyŏng | |
Shinŭiju T'eukpyŏl Haengjŏnggu (Shinŭiju Special Administrative Region) |
신의주 특별 행정구 | 新義州特別行政區 | N. Pyŏngan | |
Kaesŏng Kong-ŏp Chigu (Kaesŏng Industrial Region) |
개성 공업 지구 | 開城工業地區 | Formerly the North Korean section of Kyŏnggi Province | |
Kŭmgang-san Kwangwang Chigu (Kŭmgang-san Tourist Region) |
금강산 관광 지구 | 金剛山觀光地區 | Kangwŏn |
Note: Ch'ŏngjin (청진; 淸津) used to be a separately administered city, but is now part of North Hamgyŏng Province. The source for the above information is Chosun Ilbo's http://nk.chosun.com/map/map.html?ACT=geo_01 page (but is only available in Korean).
South Korea
Transliteration | Hangeul | Hanja | Split time | Province split from |
Seoul Teukbyeolsi | 서울 특별시 | See note below | 1952 | Gyeonggi |
Busan Gwangyeoksi | 부산 광역시 | 釜山廣域市 | January 1, 1963 | S. Gyeongsang |
Daegu Gwangyeoksi | 대구 광역시 | 大邱廣域市 | 1985 | N. Gyeongsang |
Incheon Gwangyeoksi | 인천 광역시 | 仁川廣域市 | 1985 | Gyeonggi |
Gwangju Gwangyeoksi | 광주 광역시 | 光州廣域市 | 1987 | S. Jeolla |
Daejeon Gwangyeoksi | 대전 광역시 | 大田廣域市 | 1989 | S. Chungcheong |
Ulsan Gwangyeoksi | 울산 광역시 | 蔚山廣域市 | July 15, 1997 | S. Gyeongsang |
Note: There is no Hanja for "Seoul," but in Chinese, it is written by its Joseon Dynasty name Hanseong (漢城). As a prefix, the character gyeong (京) is used, which means "capital" and comes from Gyeongseong (Japanese Keijo), the name of the city during the Japanese Colonial Period.
See also