A velomobile is a human-powered vehicle, fully enclosed for protection from weather and possibly from collisions. They are virtually always single-passenger vehicles. They are derived from bicycles and tricycles, with the addition of a full fairing (aerodynamic shell). There are few manufacturers of velomobiles; many are homebuilt. Some models have the operator's head exposed; this has the advantage of giving the operator unobstructed vision, hearing, and some cooling, with the disadvantage of being more exposed to weather.
A practical velomobile has many competing requirements. It should have as many of the following characteristics as possible.
- Light weight.
- Good visibility for the operator (clear front vision is especially important, but a 360 degree view is also desirable).
- Good maneuverability (steering, braking).
- Safety in collision and over bad roads.
- Good ventilation, including a windscreen defroster. This should be adjustable for more cooling in warmer weather.
- Many gears; a vehicle that is heavier but more aerodynamic than a bicycle needs a wider gearing range than a bicycle.
- Good aerodynamics.
- Good suspension.
- Reliable operation.
- Strength: wheels, brakes, transmission, need to be more robust than on a lightweight bicycle.
- Cargo capacity suitable for everyday shopping.
- Low noise, for both the comfort of the operator and safety in traffic.
- Multiple tracks (tricycle or quadracycle design) for safety and practicality in slippery weather.
- Easy entry and exit.
- Good lighting system.
- Good visibility to others (reflectors, horns).
- Low price.
The Leitra is currently the commercial velomobile in production for the longest period of time--since 1983. Other manufacturers include Cab-bike, Quest, Mango and Alleweder, the go-one and the Versatile.
